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Classification of ion exchange water treatment
What is the "layered adsorption" principle of ion exchange process?
In order to illustrate the problem, take the raw water passing through the newly regenerated H-type ion exchange resin as an example.
At the initial stage of water inflow, since the exchange resin is H-type, various anions in the water are exchanged with H + on the tree moon. However, due to the different selectivity of various anions, the ions adsorbed on the exchange resin are layered in the resin, that is, the order in which the ions are adsorbed from top to bottom according to the adsorption capacity of the resin.
When the exchange bed is continuously fed with water, Ca2 + is more easily absorbed than Mg2 + and Na +, so the in the feed water can be exchanged with the resin layer adsorbed with Mg2 +. Mg2 + is replaced by Ca2 +, so that the exchange layer absorbing Ca2 + continues to expand. The replaced Mg2 + will enter the resin layer adsorbed with Na + together with the Mg2 + in the influent to replace Na +, so that the exchange layer adsorbing Mg2 + continues to expand and move down.
Similarly, the exchange layer absorbing Na + will continue to expand and move down.
Under the resin layer absorbing Na +, there is an area where Na + and H-type resin are exchanged. This resin layer can be regarded as a "working layer". When the working layer moves down to the lower edge of the resin layer of the exchange bed, if it is operated again, Na + with small exchange capacity in the influent will appear in the water first.
Therefore, when raw water passes through H-type exchange resin from top to bottom, their distribution law in the resin layer is generally as follows:
① The distribution of adsorbed ions in the resin layer is from top to bottom according to the adsorption capacity of the ion exchange resin, that is, the ions with the largest adsorption capacity are at the top and the ions with the smallest adsorption capacity are at the bottom.
② The greater the difference in the adsorption capacity of various ions by the resin, the more obvious their distribution in the resin layer (for example, ions with different valence).
③ For different ions with small difference in exchange capacity (such as ions with the same valence but different atomic order), the distribution difference in the resin layer is not obvious, and only the content proportion of upper and lower adsorbed ions is different in the same resin layer.
It should be noted that in the actual operation, due to the differences in the regeneration conditions of the exchange resin and the inconsistent flow rate of water on the same section in the bed, the stratification of ions in the resin layer is even more chaotic, but it generally conforms to the above laws.
